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مشخصات نويسنده:ندارد
خلاصه مقاله: ربطي به اين داستان ندارد ولي چون هر كاري كردم نتونستم نامه دكتر را بخوانم اين را راجع به بم در اين جا گذاشتم.جالبه بخونينش
Bam reaches out to tsunami survivors By Najmeh Bozorgmehr Published: January 19 2005 19:09 | Last updated: January 19 2005 19:09
In the main square of the ancient Iranian city, a large placard signed by the “Blossoms of Bam†expresses sympathy with survivors of the tsunamis. Bam's residents have responded to the Indian Ocean disaster by donating 50 tons of dates, their main source of income.
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A year to the day before waves devastated coastal communities from Sri Lanka to Somalia, an earthquake levelled much of the 2,000-year-old mud brick citadel and killed about 32,000 of its inhabitants.
“We can go to the graves of our dear ones and cry. How about tsunami survivors? They must suffer even more than us,†says Marzieh, a 21-year-old who lost 70 relatives in the 12-second Bam earthquake. As Bam's residents attempt to rebuild their own lives and city, they provide a glimpse of the challenges facing communities hit by last month's tsunamis.
One year on, the trauma of the immediate aftermath of the quake is being replaced by widespread grief and depression, and the slow pace of reconstruction is hindering efforts to restore lost livelihoods. Jobless young people particularly women are the most vulnerable group.
A few hundred yards from the Arg-e Bam citadel, now reduced to rubble, Marzieh has reopened her City Light beauty salon, which now bears the name of her dead niece, Nadimeh. “Before, I could not believe that my beloved ones had died. I am believing it now. Death and fear are with us every moment,†she says. But, speaking on her first day of work since the earthquake, with no customers around, she adds: “Hope is partly back to me since this morning.â€
The temporary tents have mostly gone from Bam's ruined areas, replaced by 35,000 prefabricated cabins that serve as temporary shelters, offices and shops. Schools, banks, pharmacies and grocery stores are operating again. Yet high unemployment remains a serious problem. Residents complain that people from poor neighborhoods outside Bam have flocked to the city, hoping for a share of the post-quake aid. Ali Bagheri-Zadeh, the mayor of Bam, acknowledges that the population has increased from about 100,000 before the quake to 112,000.
Local people also complain about the slow pace of reconstruction. The Iranian government has promised to rebuild the city “better than before†and insists that this will be done with local participation, careful observance of Bam's historical identity, and attention to earthquake-resistant architectural standards for new buildings.
However, the effort has been hampered by a shortage of funds. The final aid figures are hard to establish, but it is clear that many international donors failed to live up to their promises.
Kofi Annan, United Nations secretary-general, has urged donors not to forget their financial promises to tsunami survivors as they did about Bam. The UN asked a year ago for $32.7m aid for victims of the Bam earthquake. It received $17m.
Oxfam says only 67 per cent of the $17m pledged to its campaign arrived. Iran says it was promised as much as $1.1bn in donations, but got less than $17m.
The Rehabilitation Organisation in Bam has concerns about 2,400 women breadwinners and 5,000 orphans who need financial support and protection. They have received only two aid payments over the past year, each worth between $50 and $100.
Depression, unemployment and temporary shelter are also contributing to social vulnerabilities. Local people fear prostitution and suicide rates are on the rise, and there has been an alarming rise in drug and alcohol abuse. Bam, once on the margin of the Silk Road, has long been a transit route for drug dealers from Afghanistan to Europe, making opium widely available. However, drug abuse is now becoming more extensive among young people, including women. Heroin prices have fallen to about $1 a dose, fuelling fears that this will attract younger buyers. One shopkeeper with two big trays of charcoal on display in front of her grocery shop quotes 35,000 rials ($4) for five grammes of opium half what it cost before the quake. “The charcoals are for opium. These days, people need to smoke much more than before,†she says. Afsaneh Naghi-Zadeh, a psychologist with Croce Rossa Italiana, said: “Those who were not addicted before are now becoming addicted.†But she insists that “traumatised people can be helped by providing them with jobs†and shelter.
It has been difficult for Marzieh to heal the wounds of December 2003, but she agrees: “Having your own place and a job can help you gain back spirit. I might one day feel good and be able to laugh again.â€
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